(;GM[1]FF[4]CA[UTF-8]AP[CGoban:3]ST[2] RU[Chinese]SZ[19]HA[3]KM[0.00] PW[huang longshi]PB[xu xingyou]GC[old chinese rules]EV[games of blood and tears]RO[1]AB[dd][jj][pp]C["(into) Weiqi old kifu, hook deeper" (uncertain translation) "games of blood and tears" 1/10 (65 mins) Chen Zude 9p Welcome. Today I will be looking at a set of very famous games of our country. They are called the games of blood and tears. Let me give an introduction, a background. The greatest era for go in the ancient period was the Qing dynasty (+kangxi??) (1644-1912) where go was very respected. There were lots of strong players, lots of guoshou (national champion). Two of them you are more familiar with - Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxia, during the Qing dynasty, both were Zhe Jiang -ers, in the same generation. There was another, earlier, called Huang Longshi, in the Kang Xi era. In the Qing dynasty, his skill was very high. At the age of 18, he beat the guoshou Shen Dayou. After beating the guoshou, he ...? below heaven and had no opponents. And his life was very short, just 40. He got to play Xu Xingyou, but didn't get to match against Fan Xiping and Shi Xiangxia. But Huang, in China, and the world, has been judged very highly. Chinese after him have called him qisheng (go sage). Go Seigen said he was 13 dan, a very high appraisal. He had no equals, but later in his life, there was someone called Xu xingyou. He came to Huang for teaching. But he was actually 7 years older. He just started on the path later. Someone recommended they play a 10 game match, properly played, teaching games. So how to play these 10 games? The truth is Xu xingyou was at the point where Huang could give him at most 2 stones (handicap) but Huang gave him 3 stones. Huang's character was aloof and proud. He thought - my strength is so strong, who below heaven can take 2 stones? Xu Xingyou, you can't, you have to take 3 stones. Xu couldn't do anything, he had to take 3 stones. People were very interested in this match. Xu xingyou was a rising guoshou, with momentum, and Huang needs no words. These two players were bursting with energy, using all their whole body's effort. Their games were so brilliant, taking nearly all their strength, they invested so much, everyone can see from the game, the moves were so fierce. At the end of the 10 game match, the final total was Xu winning more, but the content was so brilliant, at a very high skill level. Though Huang lost, his play was still incredible. The games were particularly intense and fierce, so others called it the Games of Blood and Tears, saying the fierceness wasn't just your normal fierceness. It was made of red blood and tears. Shortly after these 10 games, Huang passed away, 40 years. After this, Xu became the guoshou (national champion). He lived long, till 70s. Fan and Shi were 50 years younger, but Xu while 70 guided them. Today I will look at the first game. This is a handicap game. In the past, and actually still now, handicap games are not considered to have the same weight as even games. Even games between the very best are of course of the most high quality, whereas handicap games are not so much. However, reviewing all the ancient games, perhaps the Games of Blood and Tears are almost of the quality of the Dang Hu games. And their renown is of equal level. That's almost just fact. So these games have a large influence, especially as ...? They played particularly fiercely. In ancient times, 3 stone handicaps were always placed diagonally. And it was diagonal in this direction. Now it is diagonal in this direction. Why the difference? I think it is due to the Japanese. They say the way of go. This "way" (dao/tao) emphasises form and propriety. There is the flower "way", the tea "way", with lots of tradition and rules. Go is just like this. The first player is of lower rank, and extends across the board to place the stone. He lets the higher rank conveniently place the 2nd stone with the right hand without having to reach over. 3 stone handicaps are the same. Another thing - these days the player taking white is of higher rank. And in an even game white is of higher rank - white plays after black. But in the ancient Chinese rules, in an even game, it is white to play first. There is this difference. But it's not just this. In ancient China, the first player always takes white, not distinguishing between higher and lower rank. etc ... So in even games, the lower rank player takes white. This is a difference in rules between then and now. ] ;W[eq]C[He played high point (5-3). Why not small point (3-4)? This is due to the rules. The fundamental difference in the ancient Chinese rules is at the end of the game, you need to count the number of groups. Having one group is the most advantageous. Each group you have more than your opponent, you have to hand over one stone (2 points in this case). etc. This is serious. We know that top players these days regularly decide games over 1 stone or 1/2, very close, let alone 2 or 3. Why do the rules say you have to hand over one stone? The principle is that each group needs to be alive. To be alive, you need to have two eyes. These two eyes are the fundamental condition for live. You can't count it as your area, your wealth. These are the ancient rules. They also seem logical. To survive, you need to eat the sufficient food, drink the sufficient water. You can't count these as your own wealth, when you will consume them soon. So in ancient times, you don't count them. You give up 2 points for each group. Are the ancient rules more reasonable or the modern ones? This is hard to say, since as long as the rules are set, both play by the same rules and it is fair. But with different rules, it means very different play. If you live in a small corner, you are surrounded, without access outwards then you have to give up 2 points. This is a big loss. So in general you should keep your head out. You can live in 3 corners and give up 6 points. Is this worthwhile? Whatever your skill level, you can tell it is not. You play like this, then you can't keep playing. The cost is too big. So normally you stay on the outside, play 5-3, to more easily connect to the outside.] ;B[co]C[you see B also plays on the outside, not just living inside.] (;W[eo] (;B[cl]C[and B also plays for the outside. You see how the rules have such a big impact on the technique.] ;W[nq]C[W still doesn't enter the corner, but builds the side. In the ancient era, they valued outside influence a lot more.] (;B[qm]C[this was the most common move in the ancient era, to more easily connect to the outside] ;W[qk]C[tight block this move was very common in ancient times. Even if the corner group is alive. The first purpose is to threaten the corner, and also separate it from the outside. If you can separate it, eventually it will have to pay 2 points.] ;B[qe]C[another 5-3. Like this B also stops W connecting to the other side.] ;W[oc]C[approach again] (;B[qc]C[this time B enters the corner. This is logical. It makes a base.] (;W[oe]C[but he plays for the influence. Some look at ancient games and see the moves completely contradict modern plays, but they can't be in accord because of the difference in the rules.] (;B[mc]C[this is the tight style from ancient times.] ;W[kc]C[W counter pincers. This is certain, given that B comes so close, fighting back is necessary. And the tight play is to both threaten to capture and to connect underneath. This opening is very interesting.] (;B[ic]C[a pincer, counter pincer, and another counter pincer. So interesting. These days you wouldn't see this. this is very aggressive, but it has a thinking behind it.] ;W[ld]C[of course W covers the stone, sealing it in.] ;B[md]C[he is absolutely not pincering to sacrifice the stone. he still wants it. So when I pincered, I already calculated my following sequence] ;W[me] ;B[mb]C[good move it leaves a connection either via P18 or L18, and also W's cutting point at M15. in this sort of situation you are guaranteed to connect one way or the other. But white plays a good move. If white protects the left side you connect on the right, if white protects the right you connect on the left. What can I do?] ;W[qb]C[attach this is a very good move] (;B[rb]C[if you carelessly respond] ;W[pc] ;B[qd]C[white disconnects in sente and any move to protect against L18 can capture the 3 black stones. This would be a big loss.]) (;B[pb]C[you can't hane here either] ;W[pc]C[B can't stop W splitting the B position. It is too big.]) (;B[pc]C[good move, a fighting resistance] (;W[pb]C[If you carelessly answer as normal] ;B[ob]C[W is broken] (;W[nb] ;B[od] ;W[oa]C[W's shape collapses]) (;W[pd] ;B[nc] ;W[qd] ;B[rc]C[now W's loss is big P16 and S16 are miai])) (;W[pd]C[so W comes here. This is a practical move] ;B[qd]C[B has to respond] ;W[pb]C[W can connect back here. This is very interesting. W disconnects black, and also takes part of the corner. This is better than just purely disconnecting.] ;B[kb]C[black has no choice] ;W[qh]C[W pincers here. A very good point, making a two space and pressuring B, threatening its life and death.] (;B[rb]C[this is a very aggressive move. it looks like it is just making eyes, maybe too submissive, these days you would normally move out to the centre, but this move is also trying to take away W's eyespace So it looks defensive, but it is really very aggressive.] ;W[ra] ;B[sb]C[see, W doesn't even have one eye, the shape isn't very good] (;W[rf]C[this means B doesn't have two eyes.] (;B[qg]C[so China's players, don't just think Xu is taking 3 stones, they are extremely strong. How do you respond then? Huang's calculation is very strong.] (;W[rg]C[if W answers,] ;B[pe] ;W[od] ;B[pg]C[B is out, and W is disconnected.]) (;W[jb]C[this is normally very hard to think of, not even responding to the attachment.] (;B[jc]C[normally this is so big, you can't avoid answering but in this case ...] ;W[lb] ;B[lc] ;W[ka] ;B[kd] ;W[le]C[this is W dead even without the ko, but it's not so simple] ;B[ib] ;W[ke] ;B[jd] ;W[nd] ;B[ia] ;W[nb] ;B[ja] ;W[nc] ;B[kb]C[W is too solid and Q15 is not sente so B dies on the right] ;W[rg]) (;B[le]C[but Xu is not your normal player. Of course he sees all this and fights back. This cut is very powerful.] (;W[mf]C[if you just respond, ] ;B[kd]C[this is captured]) (;W[ke]C[if W tries to pull everything out, ] ;B[lf] ;W[mf] ;B[jc]C[now B cleanly captures and W doesn't have the ladder]) (;W[jc]C[so W connects here] ;B[ob]C[this is a very powerful cut, first gifting two stones for you capture. Normally you don't dare as this loses terribly] ;W[nb] ;B[oa] ;W[na]C[but the sacrifice has a meaning. Later W won't necessarily respond to the cut. The cut is very powerful.] ;B[ne] ;W[mf]C[At this point. Xu originally is not at the same level as Huang. B has a better method that he didn't play. He missed a golden opportunity. But from another perspective, if he played everything correctly, how could he take handicap stones?] (;B[nf]C[in the real game he played here, but ] ;W[of] ;B[nd] ;W[od] ;B[og]C[tight hane, very powerful, very good] (;W[ng]C[this doesn't work] ;B[pf]C[the top is atari and die and there is still a centre double atari]) (;W[pf]C[only move] ;B[qf] ;W[pg] ;B[rg]C[B captures a stone. It turns into this result. This is close. B's corner isn't small, 8 points. The sacrifice on top gives W a few. Both white and black escaped. It is acceptable for both. But B's 3 stone advantage is still very big.] ;W[oh] ;B[ng] (;W[ke]C[only move if B runs, W running threatens the main group at this point B played a good sequence locally, but in my opinion wasn't the best globally.] (;B[ib] ;W[ia] ;B[ha] ;W[ja] ;B[gc]C[This blocks W off and the corner is very big but] ;W[nh]C[huang is alert and know how important this point is so he stops B getting this and ] ;B[mg] ;W[lf]C[captures this stone in natural flow] (;B[lg] ;W[kg] ;B[jf] ;W[kf] ;B[li]C[this settles the shape W is now reasonably alive and has to look for the largest place to play] ;W[cf]C[I think this is correct] ;B[pi] ;W[ph] ;B[lq]C[ancient style is always tight pincer] ;W[no] ;B[lo]C[very aggressive and unrelenting] ;W[jq]C[very powerful, similar to the counter pincer at the top. The left white area may become territory. This is one move 3 purposes - pressure you and threaten you, make territory, and leave the connection underneath] ;B[jo]C[the vital point normally in theory, w aims at the L4 weakness by protecting at H3, but ] ;W[kn]C[Huang has his own ideas (i.e. very creative)] ;B[ko] ;W[mm]C[very powerful. The shape doesn't seem proper, but has lots of thinking behind it. I get out. And I also disconnect your group below with the one above. Otherwise how can I profit?] ;B[pr]C[very interesting, B threatens to connect] ;W[or]C[W can't accept it.] (;B[qo]C[this is very good shape, getting close to modern style. It makes the territory sure. Anything else leaves a problem at r2. Now W definitely can't live with R2. But there are other moves] ;W[qr]C[we can learn a lot from this move] (;B[ps]C[there is no choice, but this now leaves a bunch of aji and options] (;W[pq] ;B[qq] ;W[op]) (;W[rn]C[perhaps threaten to live in the corner] ;B[rm] ;W[qq] ;B[pq] ;W[qn] ;B[pn] ;W[ro]C[the Q7 cut]) (;W[lr]C[just single mindedly trying to connect under. Whether less or more, this is a bit forced (/strained) But in other words, if I can connect, then I am safe but you are a floating group by yourself, so B cannot let W connect.] ;B[mr]C[this starts a (fundamental/base?) fight] ;W[mq] ;B[kr] ;W[lp] ;B[kq] ;W[kp] ;B[jp] ;W[mp]C[up to here is expected but] (;B[hq]C[this move is logical and isn't bad, but I think it is not appropriate here. This move is often used and in some situations it is a very good move but not here.] ;W[jr] ;B[ls] ;W[js] ;B[ks] ;W[pq]C[this wedge is a good move we see how good the clamp (R2) was now. If you clamped now, B would solidly connect (Q3), as protecting the capture race in the bottom area is particularly important. B can't move. Even though B won the capture race, but lost a lot on the right.] ;B[pk] ;W[qj] ;B[nn]C[this cut is powerful, but given that W has struck through, it is less so.] ;W[ns]C[removing any other possible aji of the atari at R3] ;B[nr] ;W[oq] ;B[iq] ;W[mn]C[this calculation is impressive] ;B[mo] ;W[on] ;B[nm] ;W[nl] ;B[om] ;W[pm] ;B[ol] ;W[pl] ;B[ok] ;W[oo]C[this gobbles up the whole right side. If it was unconditional death, then maybe B is in trouble. Fortunately there is still aji inside.] ;B[nj]C[good move. If W doesn't protect it is terrible] (;W[] ;B[ql] ;W[pn] ;B[qi] ;W[ri]C[you can't sacrifice the top] ;B[rj]C[the top dies] ;W[rk] ;B[rh]C[this would be miserable]) (;W[pj]C[this threatens B again at N10] ;B[mi]C[B also has profit but the right is more certain. Fortunately there are still techniques on the right.] ;W[cq]C[now W needs to play here. When 3-3 should be played, it must be played. You can just not make a base forever. This point must be snatched. Very big, otherwise you aren't alive.] ;B[ce]C[good move] (;W[df]C[if here ] ;B[ci]) (;W[be]C[ancient games always have the 2nd line hane, leaving aji in the corner] ;B[bd] ;W[bf] ;B[ci]C[B both gets the corner and this extension. Very efficient/effective] ;W[ef]C[jump of course] (;B[ec]C[kosumi again, similar, no the same as the bottom right. But this move has problems again. Locally it is very good, making the corner territory solid, W can't invade now. You see Xu is very strong. Not always just fighting, he is fiercely taking territory.] ;W[ei]C[though you made profit locally, you lost globally. Now B is thin.] (;B[el]C[even if you protect, it seems meaningless and the left is still thin - you don't know how to protect]) (;B[bq] (;W[br]C[if you just defend] ;B[cp]C[B solidifies in sente, very good move]) (;W[cn]C[but huang is very strong, he comes here his skill is really high give him a small opportunity and he can take it. ] (;B[dn]C[you can't cut as ] ;W[do]C[the b3 stone will be cut off]) (;B[bn] ;W[cp] (;B[bp]C[you don't want to connect as] ;W[do]C[this is so painful, pressing B all down to the 2nd line. Modern players would find this hard to accept, and ancient players even more so.]) (;B[do] ;W[bp]C[W makes a big profit, but B also gains a lot Top players value local gains of 1/2 or 1 point very highly. If in each local, you can gain, this builds up. ] ;B[en]C[Here the gain/loss is close, hard to judge.] (;W[fo]C[average players would extend]) (;W[bo]C[huang goes here] (;B[cm] ;W[fn]C[but now W comes out here make you stronger, and then hane, hard to think of you can't hane without the cut as B can cut off with E4] (;B[ep]C[this problem is solved ] ;W[fo] ;B[dp] ;W[fp] ;B[dq] ;W[dr]C[this is atari]) (;B[fo]C[so B has to play here] ;W[ep] ;B[fm] ;W[gn] ;B[go]C[very tight play from both] ;W[em] ;B[dn]C[W can't just die in the centre, it's too big] ;W[gm]C[have to run] ;B[fl] ;W[ho] ;B[gp] ;W[gl]C[not only have to escape, but also destroy all the points] (;B[pn] ;W[ql] ;B[op] ;W[np]C[leaving a ko with R3] ;B[gk] ;W[fk] ;B[el] ;W[ek] ;B[dl] ;W[hk] ;B[gj] ;W[hj] ;B[gi] ;W[hi] ;B[gh] ;W[hh] ;B[gg]C[W escapes, but the stones on the top left are in trouble. The 3 stone advantage is really big.] (;W[ni]C[this move is looking for a natural flow, but I think it is bad. It has problems. Whatever happens, the value of this is too small] ;B[ml]C[it is asking B to respond] ;W[ll] ;B[mk] (;W[jl]) (;W[ch] (;B[di]C[he headbutts] ;W[dh] ;B[bh]C[but he takes gote. Xu has make a mistake] ;W[lk]C[W comes to break your eyespace] ;B[lj] ;W[jh]C[this move protects the cut at H8, otherwise you can't capture the cutting stone] (;B[hl]C[if cut] ;W[il] ;B[hm] ;W[jk]C[wherever W protects B is not alive]) (;B[il]C[B sees he can't cut so he peeps] ;W[hl] (;B[ge]C[this is a proper move, but if you play first move locally you need to more severe this gives W an opportunity] ;W[de] ;B[cd] ;W[fe]C[this threatens the wedge but if you protect, very good move, B can't let W live comfortably] (;B[gf] ;W[bg] ;B[bi] ;W[dg]C[the eyespace is very clear]) (;B[dg]C[when the time comes to display skill, you must (attack)] ;W[gd] ;B[ff]C[B has to squeeze Here, both players can't be unclear at all (i.e. not allowed to be)] ;W[jn]C[this is to create ko threats B has to respond as the B dragon is not alive] ;B[in] ;W[he] ;B[gf] ;W[fd] ;B[ee] ;W[ed] ;B[hd] ;W[ip]C[great move] ;B[io] ;W[im] ;B[jm] ;W[hn] ;B[hm] ;W[id]C[so big, but B can't respond anymore] (;B[hc] ;W[im] ;B[hp] ;W[ln] ;B[hm] ;W[fc]C[endless ko threats, losing so much, but as long as W wins the ko, W wins, as the B dragon dies] ;B[fb] ;W[im] ;B[ip] ;W[jl]) (;B[im]C[B connects] ;W[eg] ;B[hc] ;W[hf]C[W killed all that] ;B[fc] ;W[ee] ;B[cg] ;W[eh] ;B[bg] ;W[df]C[this settles the position W killed all that, so impressive. Fortunately, there is still a ko at the bottom right, otherwise B would lose] ;B[qq] ;W[rq] ;B[rp] ;W[qp] ;B[nc] ;W[pa] ;B[qq] ;W[oj] ;B[nk] ;W[qp] ;B[hg]C[big threat under heaven (i.e. other than heavenly ones, this is one of the biggest)] ;W[ig] ;B[qq] ;W[os] ;B[rr] ;W[qp] ;B[ie] ;W[if] ;B[qq] ;W[qs] ;B[ir] ;W[qp] ;B[dk] ;W[fj] ;B[qq] ;W[sq] ;B[sp] ;W[qp] ;B[ih]C[loses points, but B has no choice] ;W[ii] ;B[qq] ;W[ms] ;B[is] ;W[qp] ;B[fi]C[loses points again] ;W[ej] ;B[qq] ;W[po] ;B[sr] ;W[qn] ;B[rn] ;W[rm]C[From this game we can see both players have very high skill, particularly huang's calculation. Xu is so strong, but takes 3 stones from Huang, we all know how big a gap that is. How huang was unable to give xu 3 stones, but still insisted on it. And almost succeeded at it! Just luckily, B had an extra ko threat. The first game so fierce, so brilliant, I will just talk up to here.]))) (;B[fe]C[like this, it is very hard for W to live, perhaps it will die]))) (;B[bh]C[why not here?] (;W[dh]C[if W comes here you can take sente] ;B[di]C[this would be a bad move]) (;W[bi]C[of course W's play would be different, but if cut, ] ;B[dh] ;W[cg] ;B[bj] ;W[di] ;B[cj]C[you still have to protect at E12, but it is hard to live])))) (;W[jl]C[I think he should play here directly] ;B[ml]C[B still has to respond] ;W[ll] ;B[mk]C[but W doesn't need to spend a move at O11 and if W plays M9, B is still not alive])) (;B[ql]C[this atari isn't helpful any more so he settles the position]))) (;B[dn]C[can't here with the W stone threatening to escape even with B7]))))))) (;B[ei]C[but this is the key point. W has no time to enter the corner, if you enter the corner, the outside group won't be alive.] ;W[] ;B[gf]C[later, even the L13 group is threatened] ;W[] ;B[jd]C[it only has 1/2 eye, N19 is sente ])))) (;B[iq]C[B should have played here] ;W[jr] ;B[ls] ;W[ir] ;B[hq] ;W[hr] ;B[gr] (;W[gq]C[W can't cut] ;B[fr] ;W[ip] ;B[hp] ;W[io] ;B[ho] ;W[in] ;B[js]) (;W[fr]C[forced] ;B[gq] ;W[gs] ;B[nr] ;W[pq] ;B[qq] ;W[oq] ;B[rr] ;W[ns]C[B is dead for now on the bottom but there is still a huge ko at h1, and] ;B[pk] ;W[qj] ;B[qs] ;W[os] ;B[nn]C[W doesn't have liberties, and at any time, there is a ko (h1) that he doesn't have time to protect. At the time, Xu didn't consider enough.])))) (;B[pq] ;W[ps]C[the territory disappears so R5 is misplaced])) (;B[pn]C[for example] ;W[qr] ;B[ps] ;W[qq] ;B[pq] ;W[ro]) (;B[oq] ;W[nr] ;B[kq]C[disconnecting W and threatening the O4 wedge] (;W[op]C[you can't play here, that is just helping B solidify the corner, but where can you play?]) (;W[mo]C[here then] ;B[pk]C[the most fierce is to disconnect W] ;W[qj] ;B[ql]C[W has no time to come into the corner when split in two.]))) (;B[mh]C[B can consider this] (;W[kh] ;B[mj]C[the shape is good]) (;W[mi] ;B[kg]C[this would be very powerful]))) (;B[nh]C[I think this is better ] (;W[oi]C[if you respond] ;B[rh]C[this is very painful, W loses the S12 sente W only has 1/2 an eye, so W has to respond]) (;W[rh] ;B[oi]C[painful]) (;W[fc]C[this is big but] (;B[oi]C[I don't hurry to atari but ]) (;B[rh]C[this is too painful, W's shape isn't right] (;W[qi] ;B[oi]) (;W[oi] ;B[qi]))))) (;W[lf]C[this is absolutely impossible]))) (;B[nc]C[he could have played here] (;W[od]C[connect or capture is the same] ;B[of] ;W[pa] ;B[ob] ;W[oa] ;B[pe]) (;W[pa] ;B[of]C[if he played here, whether huang is 13 or 14 dan, he can't do anything.] ;W[nf] ;B[nd] ;W[pf] ;B[og] ;W[pe] ;B[qf] ;W[od] ;B[ob] ;W[oa] ;B[pg] ;W[ob] ;B[ma])))))) (;B[qf]C[normally you just escape like this, this also escapes, but W's shape at R13 is too comfortable and you lose the O16 peep.] ;W[qg] ;B[of])) (;W[pg]C[a protection isn't able to kill B] ;B[rg]C[B lives and W's shape is still full of weaknesses - you still have to protect soon, so W's move is pointless])) (;B[pg]C[fine as Q15 is sente] ;W[rc]C[B is worried W can live while taking away his base.])))) (;B[ld]C[these days you would see this. I move out and stop you connecting underneath.])) (;B[kd]) (;B[kc]C[these days as long as your can't make a two space extension for a base, I am satisfied. I keep my distance, not right next to you. This is the modern way of play.] ;W[mc]C[if you make a one space, I don't mind.])) (;W[lc]C[these days you would play here])) (;B[qh]C[now if you come here, you are already separated so there is no point.])) (;B[qn]C[this was almost non-existent])) (;B[cq]C[these days you would definitely enter the corner])) (;W[cq]C[these days, you would definitely play here - how big is that corner! but not in the past - if like this then ...] ;B[hq]C[what if your opponent blocks you off. Then for this group you have to pay the 2 points]))