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I expected a pure Anglican ceremony but several minority confessions and religions participated. A rich variety of ethnic groups could be seen. Have both been so in earlier coronation ceremonies, too?
Such variety previously, no. But ethnic groups were acknowledged in minor ways in the previous Coronation. The most famous example - much in evidence today - is Coronation chicken, which uses a sauce made from ingredients from various parts of the commonwealth (e.g. curry powder, raisins, apricots). I snacked on Coronation Chicken Chips, but slept through most of the ceremony. Embracing various faiths has long been a special characteristic of Charles. The Anglican faith itself is in retreat here, with churches either closing or becoming multi-faith centres, but new mosques and Hindu temples are being built in many places.
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What are usage and etymology of archaic pronouns and endings, such as thou, thee, thy, thine and taketh? Which persons are, or are not, referred to by these pronouns? God father, Jesus Christ, holy spirit, the king, others?
The pronoun paradigm is like I, me, my mine: thou, thee, thy, thine. (The plural of thou and thee used to be you and ye).
The verb form ends in -st (thou hast, thou takest, etc). The -th form can be seen 3rd person singular pronouns but is not much used even in contexts that use thou.
These forms are all archaic but far from obsolete. They come up mostly in prayers and ceremonies. If the use relates to God, it would usually be written Thou, etc. But it can be used of ordinary people, as in the wedding ceremony: Dost thou take this woman to be thy lawful wedded wife?" It can also be used a lot in jokey situations, partly because the th sound sounds like lisping.
Even where people don't themselves use the thou pronoun forms, they will mostly be very familiar with them from situations such as weddings, funerals, church services or daily school assemblies (which involve prayers), and they will read them in many old authors such as Shakespeare and Jane Austen who are still studied in school, and of course in many poems. This may have changed with the most recent generation, though.
In addition, thou appears in many dialects, but often in forms such as tha, 'ee and so on. As dialects disappear, so do these forms, but you can still hear them among old people, and in Yorkshire even younger people will still sometimes use them to stress their Yorkshireness. Virtually all English people know the Yorkshire song "On Ilkley Moor bar t'at" (bar his hat), and will gleefully join in with the thous and thees, but they usually sing it in English (E.g. "Where hast thou been since I saw thee?" and "Worms shall come an eat thee up") but a professional Yorkshireman would sing "Wheear wor ta bahn when Ah saw thee" (Where were you going when I saw thee), to which tehy append "Tha's bahn' to catch thy deeath o' cowd" (Thou is [=art] going to catch thy death of cold.)" Yorkshire dialect has lots of words such as bahn and laik (to play) which come from Scandinavian. Other northern dialects have, too, but from different strains (I would say gan not bahn, for example, and the line above I would have said "where wor ye gannin when Ah saw ye?").) Most people north of a line roughly from Liverpool to Hull more or less understand each others' dialects as they all, including Scots, stem from Old Northumbrian. But people south of that line, whose dialects derived from Mercian (i.e. they were Angles and Saxons as opposed to Scandinavians) either don't understand or pretend not to understand out of snobbery.
Since we are talking of kings and queens today, as well as thou and thee and dialects, it seems fitting to quote a very well-known example of a Robert Burns song:
O wert thou in the cauld blast,
On yonder lea, on yonder lea,
My plaidie to the angry airt,
I'd shelter thee, I'd shelter thee;
Or did Misfortune's bitter storms
Around thee blaw, around thee blaw,
Thy bield should be my bosom,
To share it a', to share it a'.
Or were I in the wildest waste,
Sae black and bare, sae black and bare,
The desert were a Paradise,
If thou wert there, if thou wert there;
Or were I Monarch o' the globe,
Wi' thee to reign, wi' thee to reign,
The brightest jewel in my Crown
Wad be my Queen, wad be my Queen.
This is set to various tunes. If you like folk music, I recommend the version by Alastair Macdonald:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPuayP8UseIIf you prefer to listen with your little finger in the air, there is a soprano-type version by Felix Mendelssohn:
https://www.google.com/search?q=o+wert+ ... HG1szQVddAI would be interested to hear how thou and thee have survived in USA, Canada, Australia etc.