Eerika Norvio wrote:Thanks for both of you! I should be doing school stuff now but I'll discuss the rest of comments later.
HermanHiddema wrote:Game 1:

is bad shape, it should be at O15. If black escapes to P13, there is a push & cut variation at O16 that is complicated but seems to work.
I thought that I should pick the symmetry point for attacking both white groups... But well I have heard others say, too, that this is wrong shape. Ataris are too nice for white?
Yes. The kosumi has a vital point (actually 4, by symmetry):
$$B
$$ . a . .
$$ a . X .
$$ . X . a
$$ . . a .
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$B
$$ . a . .
$$ a . X .
$$ . X . a
$$ . . a .[/go]
Each of the points
a is a vital point for the kosumi, where white would like to play. If there is already a stone there when black plays, it is usually not a good move.
Common examples:
$$B bad kosumi
$$ +------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . X . . .
$$ | . . . X . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . b O . . . . . .
$$ | . . . 2 . . . . .
$$ | . . 1 a . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . c O . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . O . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . O . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . X . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ +------------------
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$B bad kosumi
$$ +------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . X . . .
$$ | . . . X . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . b O . . . . . .
$$ | . . . 2 . . . . .
$$ | . . 1 a . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . c O . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . O . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . O . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . X . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ +------------------[/go]

in response to the invasion

is a common beginner mistake. White wants to capture black, but the shape is too weak. With the push at
a and the attachments at
b and
c, black can manage easily, and white usually ends up with a wall with defects.
$$W bad kosumi-tsuke
$$ +------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . a . . 4 . . .
$$ | . . . X . . . . .
$$ | . . 2 . . . . . .
$$ | . . 1 3 . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . 5 . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W bad kosumi-tsuke
$$ +------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . a . . 4 . . .
$$ | . . . X . . . . .
$$ | . . 2 . . . . . .
$$ | . . 1 3 . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . 5 . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . .[/go]
Another common beginner mistake. Black thinks he can defend the corner before extending to

, but with

on one of its vital points, later the invasion
a on another vital point will expose the weakness of this kosumi.
$$W bad tower peep
$$ | . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . X 2 X 5 . .
$$ | . . . 1 3 4 . .
$$ | . 8 @ . X . . .
$$ | . 7 6 . . . . .
$$ | . . . O . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . .
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W bad tower peep
$$ | . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . X 2 X 5 . .
$$ | . . . 1 3 4 . .
$$ | . 8 @ . X . . .
$$ | . 7 6 . . . . .
$$ | . . . O . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . .[/go]
White thinks the tower peep of

allows her to cut black, but the kosumi shape is too weak. After

black cannot avoid either

or

being captured. (See also
http://senseis.xmp.net/?CrossCutAfterTowerPeep)
Of course, there are exceptions to this rule, but it is generally a good idea to be very careful before playing a kosumi if one of the vital points is already taken.