As you improve, it is quite normal to experience gains and lapses. You learn something new, and lose focus on other things while you consolidate your new learning. Just before I had my hiatus this year I gained a better appreciation of the power of light play and sabaki, but I think that I need to refresh this, because recently I have concentrated more on improving my opening play.
Sabaki is one of those strange things that appear almost magical when you see it done well. One thing to clarify is that it refers to an outcome, rather than a technique. You make sabaki through the application of technique; sabaki is not a special method in itself.
Sabaki can be achieved by playing lightly and sacrificially in the opponent`s strong area. This sounds easy, but in practice it can feel counter-intuitive.
Let`s take a sequence that I like very much:
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c The First Position
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
In this picture, we see that Black has a corner enclosure. It surrounds about 12 points of territory.
Everybody knows the "heel probe" underneath the 3-4 point. Let`s see what happens when Black plays resolutely to keep hold of his corner territory.
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Heel Probe and the Verdun Spirit
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . 9 . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , X O . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 1 . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7 . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
For a long time, I struggled to see how this could be satisfactory for White. Black has not only held the corner, but increased his profit. I count the corner at about 16 points.
However! Let`s look at this in a different way. The corner was Black`s to begin with. After all, he had invested 2 stones to White`s 0. What has happened here is that White has gained a strong group on the outside, but Black has only gained a tiny 4 more points. The stone that White sacrificed is very small, but the increase in strength on the outside is large. Depending on the rest of the board, that gain of influence could be of much greater value.
Let's consider another case, taken from the Kobayashi Fuseki.
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Meeting Mr Kobayashi
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . O . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . X . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
I suspect that quite a few people would feel the urge to attempt to reduce or destroy Black`s bottom side as much as possible. However, it isn't easy to do this:
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c What Black wants
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . 5 . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . O . . . . . . . . . . . 4 O 2 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . X . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
Locally, White`s moves are joseki, but Black is delighted to play 5, which works harmoniously with the star point. White`s position looks heavy and not very pleasant to play.
White could also try the Large Avalanche:
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Still no fun
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$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . |
$$ | . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . O 3 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1 . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . X . . . . . 4 5 . . |
$$ | . . . . . X . . . . . . . . 6 X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
This is also heavy for White, because Black`s stone at the bottom severely cramps her style.
So, how do you handle it? The suggestion given by Ko Iso (in his MyCom book「手抜き」の基本戦略 - Basic Tenuki Strategy) is to treat the situation lightly, and to play away.
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Go lightly
$$ ---------------------------------------
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . 6 . . . . . . . 5 . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . 2 . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . O . . . . . . . . . . . . O 3 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . X . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . X . . . . . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
White`s tenuki at 2 is a hard move to play at amateur levels. It is difficult for us to allow Black to consolidate territory at 3, but as this example shows, White is able to keep pace - the discarded approach stone is no great loss, but it could still prove very useful.
Another example I like is the following joseki:
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Where does White continue?
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . , . . . 3 . 1 . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a 2 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
The obvious answer is to play at a, but it is possible for Black play tsume at b and put pressure on the group. The right move is to discard something:
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Where does White continue?
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
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$$ | . . . . . . . . . , . . . 3 . 1 . 7 . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 6 . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9 . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
After White plays a, Black can go through with the capture, but it is slow and small early in the game. Meanwhile, White is developing quickly along the side. Black is hardly any better off than he was at the start, although perhaps there is less aji in the corner, but White has achieved a pleasant position.
So, this is one point: making sabaki can involve a certain sleight of hand. It only looks like you are taking a loss, but really you are giving the opponent what was already theirs to start with. In return, you build a position where you had nothing before. It is like giving the opponent a few coins and then grabbing a bagful while they are happily gazing at their good fortune.
The sacrifice does not even have to be material. Here is a cheeky little number that I looked at this afternoon:
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Where does White continue?
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O 3 . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . , . 1 . 2 . , X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . b . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
Black 3 looks quite tough - it says "actually, I think I will keep the corner and not allow you to make a base". But there is a way for White to make sabaki.
- Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$c Where does White continue?
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . O 1 5 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . , . 1 . O . 4 X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
White comes away with good shape and sente. I think many players would not think of 2 and 4 because they seem to give up the chance to play in the corner later, but this is better than lamely hopping away with the a for b exchange in the previous diagram.
It seems to me that the step forward comes with understanding and controlling basic human feelings. It is known that people fear loss, and so advertisers and others play on this with great effect ("Buy now! Only 3 pairs of our special trousers left!"). Sometimes they cannot see what they have gained because they are focussed on their loss, and sometimes they cannot see their losses because they think they have kept hold of something that was under threat. Many examples of sabaki are based on this principle. You let your partner feel that they have not only defended their corner (or group or whatever else), and you even give them a little sacrifice to sweeten the deal, but you take something bigger and better in the meanwhile. It`s misdirection - the classic technique of the magician.
But it`s hard to play like this, because you have to overcome your own fear of loss. You might need to sacrifice stones or give up aji. It can be difficult to enter a line of play that greatly solidifies the opponent`s territory, because it means that you can no longer dream about invading or destroying it later.
Still, I have had a glimpse of the satisfaction that light play and sabaki can bring, and I intend to work again on that aspect of my game.