Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by RobertJasiek »

Gérard TAILLE wrote: When you say "a" is correct and "b" is a mistake it is only "your own" interpretation of katago analysis. [...]
"a" is correct and "b" is a mistake but it is only your own interpretation.
Yes.

An interpretation that has helped me extraordinarily well while studying josekis and openings for half a year with KataGo.
The result proposed by katago is really very uncertain.
No. During my aforementioned study, my impression has been and is that, for josekis and openings, also small relative differences in KataGo's values are a very good indicator, provided that there are enough playouts and values have reached stability. Of course, one must analyse carefully and find out whether early values might be wrong by also exploring subsequent branches with KataGo. (I have not studied the middle game with KataGo carefully yet so cannot say much about its values then.)
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by ez4u »

xela wrote:OK, here's another one. (By the way, now I'm wishing I hadn't used the word "joseki". It's getting a disporportionate amount of attention. For me, this is about the common perception that "AI is territorial", and about exploring some positions where the AI assessment appears to go the other way.)

In Fuseki Revolution, theme 27, Shibano recommends this sequence as good for black. (KataGo mildly endorses this.)
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$Bc19
$$ +---------------------------------------+
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . . . . . X . . X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . O . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1 2 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 5 4 6 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 O . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . . . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . b . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ +---------------------------------------+[/go]
Next, he recommends white a, and says that if white b instead:
One of the things that strikes me about studying with Katago is that we can never really justify starting in the middle of things. We must go step by step. In this situation from Shibano's book, Katago considers the invasion of :w1: below a poor choice. It would be better as an invasion at 'a' instead. If you do invade anyway and Black answers at :b2:, do not play the rather poor extension of :b3:. Instead just play 'b' in the upper left. If you insist on answering locally, the counter invasion at 'c' seems to be preferable. Finally, if you do extend and Black plays :b4: (another "less than the best" according to Katago), of course you should not answer with :w5:. The attachment in the corner with 'd' is the way to mix things up.
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$Wc19
$$ +---------------------------------------+
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . b . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . , . . . . X . d X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , 1 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . c . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . a . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ +---------------------------------------+[/go]
The last idea mentioned of attaching at 'd' in the corner seems to take advantage of Black's extra wide shimari. It raises the question of whether Katago's evaluation is based on this particular situation. Hmmm....

If we set up the board with the original position but also the three alternative of 'a' through 'c' shown below, we see the following from Katago:
  • :w1: Katago never chooses the invasion of :w1: as top choice (in all cases it prefers 'd')
    :b2: White having played :w1:, Katago never prefers the wide approach at :b2: (either tenuki or simply play a small knight move in the lower right).
    :w3: Black having played :b2:, Katago never prefers the 2-space extension at :w3:.
    :b4: White having played the extension at :w3: anyway, Katago prefers :b4: only when the upper right is the 1-space high shimari at 'c'. In the other 3 cases, it will tenuki.
    :w5: Finally, Katago never prefers to answer :b4: with :w5:! Locally, it will push at 'e' if it has nothing better.
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$Wc19
$$ +---------------------------------------+
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . a b . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . , . . . . X c , X . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . e 3 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , 1 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ +---------------------------------------+[/go]
All in all, it does not seem that the book contains much work with real programs.
:scratch:
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by kvasir »

ez4u wrote:One of the things that strikes me about studying with Katago is that we can never really justify starting in the middle of things.
I think you have really hit the nail on the head here. All too often discussion about computer variations devolves into hypotheticals — KataGo won't play it and any given pair of humans wouldn't be likely to either :-?
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by Knotwilg »

kvasir wrote:
ez4u wrote:One of the things that strikes me about studying with Katago is that we can never really justify starting in the middle of things.
I think you have really hit the nail on the head here. All too often discussion about computer variations devolves into hypotheticals — KataGo won't play it and any given pair of humans wouldn't be likely to either :-?
Most of the time though it leads to very interesting discussions.

Also, what's most certainly is real, is that modern professionals use AI to help them understand Go better and find better moves. Of course professionals start from a different level of play and analysis so they are better equipped to interpret the sequences AI comes up with. But the practice of investigating variations (from books, from games) with AI in itself is probably a very good type of study.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by ez4u »

Knotwilg wrote:
kvasir wrote:
ez4u wrote:One of the things that strikes me about studying with Katago is that we can never really justify starting in the middle of things.
I think you have really hit the nail on the head here. All too often discussion about computer variations devolves into hypotheticals — KataGo won't play it and any given pair of humans wouldn't be likely to either :-?
Most of the time though it leads to very interesting discussions.

Also, what's most certainly is real, is that modern professionals use AI to help them understand Go better and find better moves. Of course professionals start from a different level of play and analysis so they are better equipped to interpret the sequences AI comes up with. But the practice of investigating variations (from books, from games) with AI in itself is probably a very good type of study.
Sorry if I created the wrong impression. These days I study using Katago very often. Mainly my own games, but I also run Katago while watching the NHK Tournament on TV here in Tokyo. I do it exactly so that I can explore other variations that are not mentioned by the commentators. My original point above is that it is no longer possible to study things like "joseki", at least not using AI. As JF and Xela back and forthed on earlier (ultimately agreeing I think), there is no local in AI assessments. The specifics of the whole board overwhelm the local variations in the corners, sides, etc. We might be interested in a particular fight, but we cannot really believe what the programs tell us as long as the next time we use a sequence the board position might be different.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by Knotwilg »

ez4u wrote:
Sorry if I created the wrong impression. These days I study using Katago very often. Mainly my own games, but I also run Katago while watching the NHK Tournament on TV here in Tokyo. I do it exactly so that I can explore other variations that are not mentioned by the commentators. My original point above is that it is no longer possible to study things like "joseki", at least not using AI. As JF and Xela back and forthed on earlier (ultimately agreeing I think), there is no local in AI assessments. The specifics of the whole board overwhelm the local variations in the corners, sides, etc. We might be interested in a particular fight, but we cannot really believe what the programs tell us as long as the next time we use a sequence the board position might be different.
Hi Dave

I wasn't reacting to your post directly - but it doesn't matter. Thanks for the addition.

I beg to differ still. First, the notion that whole board considerations may affect how to play in an adjacent or even diagonally opposed corner (ladders) has been around before AI. We were taught to always be selective and not blindly apply joseki. Second, even now that we have a way to quantify the effect, in the majority of cases we'll be talking about small variations. In the example provided by Xela, the original "collapse" by Ishida has been evaluated to be actually favorable. As we have verified, this evaluation holds with any type of (sparse) distribution in the other corners. The magnitude of the evaluation (5-ish) will surpass any global consideration, I reckon.

This leads to two questions:
1) what is the magnitude of global considerations? In the case of a ladder, it will be big. In other cases?
2) which marginal differences remain valid regardless of global considerations? I.e. the difference is relatively small but "absolute".
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by RobertJasiek »

ez4u wrote:it is no longer possible to study things like "joseki", at least not using AI. [...] there is no local in AI assessments.
OMG, half a year of full-time study with AI in vain;) Seriously, what one must not do is to view josekis in local isolation. The global context always plays a role. Some josekis work and some moves fail in most global contexts but either can be different in certain rare contexts.

Joseki study is local tactics, if necessary prolongued global fights and global choice.
Knotwilg wrote:the majority of cases we'll be talking about small variations
Sure, but many still belong to the minority of huge variations.
The magnitude of the evaluation (5-ish)
What is this? 10,000 to 100,000 playouts? Insufficient! I am very sure that it is insufficient as I have gained more than enough related experience, see above.
1) what is the magnitude of global considerations?
What kind of magnitude do you mean now?
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by kvasir »

ez4u wrote:Sorry if I created the wrong impression. These days I study using Katago very often. Mainly my own games, but I also run Katago while watching the NHK Tournament on TV here in Tokyo. I do it exactly so that I can explore other variations that are not mentioned by the commentators. My original point above is that it is no longer possible to study things like "joseki", at least not using AI. As JF and Xela back and forthed on earlier (ultimately agreeing I think), there is no local in AI assessments. The specifics of the whole board overwhelm the local variations in the corners, sides, etc. We might be interested in a particular fight, but we cannot really believe what the programs tell us as long as the next time we use a sequence the board position might be different.
Your comment was very insightful. Especially the first sentence I thought.

It was also insightful to go a few moves backward and find a position where it isn't, so to speak, too late to start thinking. From that position, it turns out, it is necessary that both sides ignore their best instincts and follow a script or they won't reach the position that was proposed for discussion. I found your explanations to be good. I especially like the following
ez4u wrote:of course you should not answer with :w5:
Great fighting spirit!

xela wrote:The five white stones on the side are not totally dead, but definitely unhealthy. It seems again that, in the right circumstances, KataGo is happy to give away large amounts of territory in order to build a moyo.
What about the hypothesis that making a group in the narrowest part of the board is so unnatural that it shouldn't be unexpected that KataGo abandons it? I'd say that the particular enclosure makes the position feel narrower than some other enclosures would. Maybe this is the plot and the exact moves are the plot twists?
Knotwilg wrote:Also, what's most certainly is real, is that modern professionals use AI to help them understand Go better and find better moves. Of course professionals start from a different level of play and analysis so they are better equipped to interpret the sequences AI comes up with. But the practice of investigating variations (from books, from games) with AI in itself is probably a very good type of study.
In general when someone is better at something, say better able to "interpret the sequences AI comes up with", it is that they are able to do it differently than you would yourself. In general I'd expect pros to be good at human Go and teaching humans how to play Go. When someone is good at interpreting computer variations it is likely that it is how they use those skills, not only that they have the skill.

It is interesting that you mentioned Mingjiu's lectures. I watched his lectures about the first joseki on more than one occasion. It was long time ago but I think I can confirm that it isn't the ability to "interpret the sequences AI comes up with" that counts when it comes to such rigorous analysis. What counts is the ability to do the same analysis over the board and completely unrehearsed, then there is the ability to do it on the spot when someone asks a tough question. Being able to pick the right pace for a lesson is also important when communicating something complex. It is usually slowing down that is needed. Then there is the ability to sense when a class is no longer able to follow. These are all human skills, some of them are also Go skills, but honestly I think a willingness to use whatever skill you have is a precondition for being good at anything.

So, I don't agree that investigating variations is good type of study "in it self". On the contrary, it can only be a good study when using your own Go skills to accomplish the investigation. One way to accomplish that is to offer a real interpretation, as ez4u has done, another would be to play games using this joseki, which is what I did, I'd like to say not so long ago but time flies. Pondering over them could be a third way.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by gowan »

I don't use Katago much. I agree with the comments above regarding being careful making local interpretations of Katago move choices. It seems to me that moving one stone one space in the diagonally opposite corner can affect evaluation locally. I imagine, given a corner sequence, it would be possible to construct whole board positions, one making the given sequence "bad" and another making it "good". I am thinking that local position evaluation is not well defined. Remember the old Japanese proverb to the effect that there are no joseki for a meijin. Could we say there are no joseki for Katago?
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by RobertJasiek »

gowan wrote:Could we say there are no joseki for Katago?
Katago plays its josekis, and even the usual mistakes when exceptionally correct globally, consistently. Katago also respects all stones on the board so a tiny change elsewhere can lead a totally different local continuation indeed. Katago "knows" (or each time reconstructs) josekis but never follows them blindly. The impact of tiny changes elsewhere is limited though and so most decisions can be interpreted by patient (for enough playouts), careful, meticulous, very well pre-educated humans.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by Knotwilg »

gowan wrote:I don't use Katago much. I agree with the comments above regarding being careful making local interpretations of Katago move choices. It seems to me that moving one stone one space in the diagonally opposite corner can affect evaluation locally. I imagine, given a corner sequence, it would be possible to construct whole board positions, one making the given sequence "bad" and another making it "good". I am thinking that local position evaluation is not well defined. Remember the old Japanese proverb to the effect that there are no joseki for a meijin. Could we say there are no joseki for Katago?
You imagine, but those among us who are using KataGo have tried it out. Apart from the obvious ladder breakers, so far I haven't come across diagonally opposed corners to change a joseki more than the precision (margin of error) after X playouts. The biggest influence other corners have on a local position is that, if there are no stones or single stone there, the value of a tenuki in the examined position goes up.

Adjacent corners don't usually offer ladder breakers, but they do have an influence on joseki. In particular pincers are "better" when backed up by same color influence.

Now all these arguments count just as much for the joseki crafted by humans before AI, the difference being that we can now quantify -statistically - the impact of the whole board on local outcomes, whether these local positions are AI or human crafted.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by Gérard TAILLE »

Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$B :b9: connects
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | . . . X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . X O . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . X O O O . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . X O X X O b . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . O X X X X . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . O O O X . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
Very often I am blind and I forget to take into account an obvious follow-up that will change my first evaluation of a position.
I am pretty sure that even top professionnals might also (but rarely) be blind by forgetting to take into account a (not really obvious?) follow-up.

Here I suspect it is the case because I do not imagine Ishida saying that black has collapsed in the following diagram:
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$B
$$ ---------------------------------------
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . O . . . . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . X . , . . . . . , . . . . . , . . . |
$$ | X . X X . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . X O O . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . O X O . O . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . X O O O . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . O X O X X O X . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . O X X X X . . , . . . . . X . . . |
$$ | . . O O O X . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
$$ ---------------------------------------[/go]
The first time I saw this position I confess I was impressed by the 20 white points of territory but here comes the help of katago which considers black position is quite good. After that I reconsidered the position and I said to me : you are a stupid boy, black position is OC far better: let's have a local evaluation of the joseki (without taking into account the whole which I know is a terrible mistake). The white territory has not to be counted 20 points but only 7 points because white has involved one more stone. In addition there is no way to extend this territory in the future. The two black groups are neither weak nor strong but they surrely offer some potential to take points in the future. The white stones in the center are strong but it is certainly not a large wall on which you can push an opponent group. As a conclusion the joseki is locally favorable for black. After this local analysis I agree you have OC to take into account the whole board in order to correct your first evaluation.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by kvasir »

Is it possible that this is simply an error in Ishida's joseki dictionary? The most common type of error that I encounter in Go material is swapping black and white.

To me it does look good for black. I'd even go so far as to say black's two groups are strong. It is black to play right?

One model in Go is that it is good to make two strong groups around a singe group in the corner. Flying swallows?
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by dust »

kvasir wrote:Is it possible that this is simply an error in Ishida's joseki dictionary? The most common type of error that I encounter in Go material is swapping black and white.

To me it does look good for black. I'd even go so far as to say black's two groups are strong. It is black to play right?

One model in Go is that it is good to make two strong groups around a singe group in the corner. Flying swallows?
My guess is that - to a pro of Ishida's generation -being squeezed as black is in that joseki sequence seems so unbearable and 'obviously wrong' that it affected the evaluation.
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Re: Who says AI is territorial? (Joseki reevaluation)

Post by kvasir »

I think one line I learned was like this...
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$W
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , .
$$ | . . . 6 . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . 8 3 . 7 . . . . .
$$ | . . 0 9 . . . . . . .
$$ | . . 2 . 4 . . . . . .
$$ | . . . , . 5 . . . , .
$$ | . . . 1 . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ +----------------------[/go]
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$Wm11
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , .
$$ | . . . X . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . X O . O . . . . .
$$ | . . X O . . . . . . .
$$ | . . X 1 X 6 7 . . . .
$$ | . 9 3 2 4 O . . . , .
$$ | . . 8 O 5 0 . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ +----------------------[/go]
Click Here To Show Diagram Code
[go]$$Wm21
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . , . . . . . , .
$$ | . . . X . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . 6 . . . . . . .
$$ | . . X O . O . . . . .
$$ | . . X O 3 1 . . . . .
$$ | . . X O X X O . . . .
$$ | . O O X X 4 2 7 . , .
$$ | . . X O O X . . . . .
$$ | . . 5 . . . . . . . .
$$ | . . . . . . . . . . .
$$ +----------------------[/go]
...and this doesn't have that many pro games up to :w11:. The correct idea in my experience is to tenuki early.

It wouldn't surprise me if this was evaluated incorrectly, it is not immediately clear what happens next. I think I already checked that this isn't equal according to computer evaluation, just not recently. There are only a handful of games in online databases and a good deal of them have close by stones. However, the OP position is different, the shape is fixed. The comment by Ishida was reported to be rather definite though.

I have to add that my approach to such josekis is more of "why is :b12: at :w13: good enough?" and "why is :w13: at :b14: good enough?". Not "We have to see if we can play 50 moves in this corner!" but the premise of this topic is territorial vs non-territorial play, but I have noticed AI has a tendency for fill-the-board josekis, despite the myth that AI doesn't like big joseki :scratch:
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